Prof. em. Dr. rer. nat. Karl-Heinz Schleifer

Research Activities:

About 480 publications on the chemistry, immunology and biological activity of bacterial cell walls; molecular taxonomy and biochemistry of staphylococci, micrococci, streptococci and lactic acid bacteria; molecular systematics and evolution of bacteria, design and application of gene probes, microbiology of waste water treatment, molecular microbial ecology. Highly cited researcher. Ranked among the top ten microbiologists based on total citations from ISI; best ranking position: world-wide number 3 in 2001. More than 100 PhD- and about 250 master theses were carried out under his guidance and that of his coworkers.

319. Manz, W., M. Wagner, R. Amann and K.H. Schleifer. In situ characterization of the microbial consortia active in two waste water treatment plants. Water Res. 28: 1715-1723 (1994)

320. Schleifer, K.H. Nachweis von Mikroorganismen mit Hilfe von Gensonden. pp. 13-18 In: W. Dubbert and J.M. Lopez Pila (eds.). Text 29 „Überwachungsmethoden Gentechnik“ Umweltbundesamt Berlin 1994

321. Tatzel, R., W. Ludwig, K.H. Schleifer and P.R. Wallnöfer. Identification of Bacillus licheniformis by colony hybridization with 23S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 17: 99-103 (1994)

322. Amann, R.I., W. Ludwig and K.H. Schleifer. Identification of uncultured bacteria: a challenging task for molecular taxonomists. ASM News 60: 360-365 (1994)

323. Trebesius, K.H., R. Amann, W. Ludwig, K. Mühlegger and K.H. Schleifer. Identification of whole fixed bacterial cells with nonradioactive rRNA-targeted transcript probes. Appl. Envion. Microbiol. 60: 3228-3235 (1994)

324. Ludwig, W., S. Dorn, N. Springer, G. Kirchhof and K.H. Schleifer. PCR-based preparation of 23S rRNA-targeted group-specific polynucleotide probes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60: 3236-3244 (1994)

325. Roller, C., M. Wagner, R. Amann, W. Ludwig and K.H. Schleifer. In situ probing of gram-positive bacteria with high DNA G+C content by using 23S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotides. Microbiology 140: 2849-2858 (1994)

326. Wagner, M., R. Amann, P. Kämpfer, B. Aßmus, A. Hartmann, P. Hutzler, N. Springer and K.H. Schleifer. Identification and in situ detection of gram-negative fila-mentous bacteria in activated sludge. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 17: 405-417 (1994)

327. Ludwig, W. and K.H. Schleifer. Bacterial phylogeny based on 16S and 23S rRNA sequence analysis. FEMS Microbiol. Reviews 15: 155-173 (1994)

328. Spring, S., R. Amann, W. Ludwig, K.H. Schleifer, D. Schüler, K. Poralla and N. Petersen. Phylogenetic analysis of uncultured magnetotactic bacteria from the alpha subclass of Proteobacteria. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 17: 501-508 (1994)

329. Rossello-Mora, R.A., F. Caccavo, Jr., K. Osterlehner, N. Springer, S. Spring, D. Schüler, W. Ludwig, R. Amann, M. Vanncanneyt and K.H. Schleifer. Isolation and cha-racterization of a halo-tolerant, facultatively iron-reducing bacterium. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 17: 569-573 (1994)

330. Schleifer, K.H. and W. Ludwig. Molecular taxonomy: classification and identification. pp. 1 - 15 In: F.G. Priest, A. Ramos Cormenzana and B.J. Tindall (eds.). Bacterial diversity and Systematics. Plenum press, New York (1994)

331. Manz, W., R. Amann, R. Szewzyk, U. Szewzyk, T.-A. Stern-ström, P. Hutzler and K.H. Schleifer. In situ identification of Legionellaceae using 16S rRNA-targeted oligo-nucleotide probes and confocal laser microscopy. Microbiology 141: 29-39 (1995)

332. Schleifer, K.H. and W. Ludwig. Phylogenetic relationships of lactic acid bacteria. pp. 5-18. In:B.J.B. Wood and W. Holzapfel. (eds.) The Lactic Acid Bacteria Vol. II The Genera of Lactic Acid Bacteria. Blackie Academic & Professional, London (1995)

333. Rossello-Mora, R.A., M. Wagner, R. Amann and K.H. Schleifer. The abundance of Zoogloea ramigera in sewage treatment plants. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61: 702-707 (1995)

334. Amann, R., W. Ludwig and K.H. Schleifer. Phylogenetic identification and in situ detection of individual microbial cells. Microbiol. Reviews 59: 143-169 (1995)

335. Neef, A., R. Amann and K.H. Schleifer. Detection of microbial cells in aerosols using nucleic acid probes. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 18: 113-122 (1995)

336. Spring, S. and K.H. Schleifer. Diversity of magnetotactic bacteria. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 18: 147-153 (1995)

337. Ludwig, W., R. Rossello-Mora, R. Aznar, S. Klugbauer, S. Spring, K. Reetz, C. Beimfohr, E. Brockmann, G. Kirch-hof, S. Dorn, M. Bachleitner, N. Klugbauer, N. Sprin-ger, D. Lane, M. Weizenegger and K.H. Schleifer. Com-parative sequence analysis of 23S rRNA from Proteobacteria. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 18: 164-188 (1995)

338. Rossello-Mora, R.A., W. Ludwig, P. Kämpfer, R. Amann and K.H. Schleifer. Ferrimonas balearica gen.nov., spec.nov., a new marine facultative Fe(III)-reducing bacterium. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 18: 196-202 (1995)

339. Wagner, M., G. Rath, R. Amann, H.P. Koops and K.H. Schlei-fer. In situ identification of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 18: 251-264 (1995)

340. Schleifer, K.H., M. Ehrmann, C. Beimfohr, E. Brockmann, W. Ludwig and R. Amann. Application of molecular methods for the classification and identification of lactic acid bacteria. Int. Dairy Journal 5: 1081-94 (1995)

341. Schleifer, K.H. and W. Ludwig: Phylogeny of the genus Lactobacillus and related genera. Syst. Appl. Micro-biol. 18: 461-467 (1995)

342. Ludwig, W., E. Brockmann, C. Beimfohr, C. Hertel, B. Jacobsen and K.H. Schleifer. Nucleic acid based detection systems for genetically modified bacteria. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 18: 477-485 (1995)

343. Springer, N., R. Amann, W. Ludwig, K.H. Schleifer and H. Schmidt. Polynucleobacter necessarius, an obligate bacterial endosymbiont of the hypotrichons ciliate Euplotes aediculatus is a member of the ?-subclass of Proteobacteria. FEMS Microbiol. Letters 135: 333-36 (1996)

344. Spring, S., W. Ludwig, M.C. Marquez, A. Ventosa and K.H. Schleifer. The genus Halobacillus gen. nov: Description of Halobacillus litoralis sp. nov., Halobacillus trueperi sp.nov. and transfer of Sporosarcina halo-phila to Halobacillus halophilus comb. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bact. 46: 492-496 (1996)

345. Manz, W., R. Amann, W. Ludwig, M. Vancanneyt and K.H. Schleifer. Development and application of 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes specific for bacteria of the phylum cytophaga-flavobacter-bacteroides. Microbiology 142: 1097-1107 (1996)

346. Amann, R., J. Snaidr, M. Wagner, W. Ludwig and K.H. Schleifer. In situ visualization of high genetic diversity in a natural microbial community. J. Bacteriol. 178: 3496-3500 (1996)

347. Brockmann, E., B.L. Jacobsen, C. Hertel, W. Ludwig and K.H. Schleifer. Monitoring of genetically modified Lactococcus lactis in germ-free and conventional rats by using antibiotic resistance markers and specific probe or primer based methods. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 19: 203-212 (1996)

348. Caccavo, Jr., F., J.O. Coates, R.A. Rossello-Mora, W. Ludwig, K.H. Schleifer, D.R. Lovely, M.J. McInerney. Geovibrio ferrireducens, a phylogenetically distinct dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing bacterium. Arch. Microbiol. 165: 370-376 (1996)

349. Back, W., I. Bohak, M. Ehrmann, W. Ludwig and K.H. Schleifer. Revival of the species Lactobacillus lindneri and the design of a species specific oligonucleotide probe. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 19: 322-325 (1996)

350. Glöckner, F.O., R. Amann, A. Alfreider, J. Pernthaler, R. Psenner, K. Trebesius and K.H. Schleifer. An in situ hybridization protocol for detection and identification of planktonic bacteria. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 19: 403-406 (1996)

351. Neef, A., A. Zaglauer, H. Meier, R. Amann, H. Lemmer and K.H. Schleifer. Conventional and in situ population analysis in a denitrifying sand filter: identification of Paracoccus sp. in methanol-fed biofilms. Appl. En-viron. Microbiol. 62: 4329-4339 (1996)

352. Schramm, A., L.H. Larsen, N.P. Revsbech, N.B. Ramsing, R. Amann and K.H. Schleifer. Structure and function of a nitrifying biofilm as determined by in situ hybridi-zation and microelectrodes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62: 4641-4647 (1996)

353. Kersters, K., W. Ludwig, M. Vancanneyt, P. de Vos, M. Gillis and K.H. Schleifer. Recent changes in the classification of pseudomonads: an overview. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 19: 465-477 (1996)

354. Amann, R., W. Ludwig, R. Schulze, S. Spring, E. Moore and K.H. Schleifer. rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes for the identification of genuine and former pseudomonads. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 19: 501-509 (1996)

355. Rothemund, C., R. Amann, S. Klugbauer, W. Manz, C. Bieber, K.H. Schleifer and P. Wilderer. Microflora of 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid degrading biofilms on gas permeable membranes. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 19: 608-615 (1996)

356. Spring, S., P. Kämpfer, W. Ludwig and K.H. Schleifer. Polyphasic characterization of the genus Leptothrix. New descriptions of Leptothrix mobilis sp.nov. and Leptothrix discophora sp.nov.nom.rev. and emended description of Leptothrix cholodnii emend. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 19: 634-643 (1996)

357. Beimfohr, C., W. Ludwig and K.H. Schleifer. Rapid genotypic differentiation of Lactococcus lactis subspecies and biovar. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 20: 216-221 (1997)

358. Snaidr, J., R. Amann, I. Huber, W. Ludwig and K.H. Schleifer. Phylogenetic analysis and in situ identification of bacteria in activated sludge. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63: 2884-2896 (1997)

359. Ludwig, W., S.H. Bauer, M. Bauer, I. Held, G. Kirchhof, R. Schulze, I. Huber, S. Spring, A. Hartmann and K.H. Schleifer. Detection and in situ identification of a widely distributed new bacterial phylum. FEMS Microbiol. Letters 153: 181-190 (1997)

360. Meier, H. C. Koob, W. Ludwig, R. Amann, E. Frahm, U. Obst, S. Hoffmann and K.H. Schleifer. Detection of enterococci with rRNA targeted DNA probes and their use for hygienic drinking water control. Water Science Technol. 35: 437 - 444 (1997)

361. Schleifer, K.H. and H. Meier. Mikrobiologische Qualitätskontrolle von Trinkwasser. In: Rundgespräch der Kommssion für Ökologie, Bd. 14"Grundwasser - Nutzung und Belastung", Verlag Dr. F. Pfeil, München, S. 101 - 111, 1997

362. Spring, S., U. Lins, R. Amann, W. Ludwig, K.H. Schleifer, L.C.S. Ferreira, D.M.S. Esquivel and M. Farina. Phylogenetic affiliation and ultrastructure of uncultured magnetotactic bacteria. Arch. Microbiol. 169: 136 - 147 (1998)

363. Wagner, M., M. Schmid, S. Juretschko, K.H. Trebesius, A. Bubert, W. Goebel and K.H. Schleifer. In situ detetcion of a virulence factor mRNA and 16S rRNA in Listeria monocytogenes. FEMS Microbiol.Letters 160: 159 - 168 (1998)

364. Schleifer, K.H. and M. Wagner. In situ detection and identification of bacteria prior to their cultivation. Bioscience Microflora 17: 15 - 22 (1998)

365. Stoffels, M., R: Amann, W. Ludwig, D. Hekmat and K.H. Schleifer. Bacterial community dynamics during start- up of a trickle-bed bioreactor degrading aromatic compounds. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64: 930 -939 (1998)

366. Ammendola, A. O. Geisenberger, R. Schulze, M. Givskov, C. Sternberg, S. Molin and K.H. Schleifer. Use of green fluorescent protein for online, single cell detection of bacteria introduced into activated sludge microcosms. Biofilm, Volume 3 (bf 98001) 1998

367. Ludwig, W., O. Strunk, S. Klugbauer, N. Klugbauer, M. Weizenegger, J. Neumann, M. Bachleitner and K.H. Schleifer. Bacterial phylogeny based on comparative sequence analysis. Electrophoresis 19: 554 - 568 (1998)

368. Wagner, M., D.R. Noguera, S. Juretschko, G. Rath, H.P. Koops and K.H. Schleifer. Combining fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with cultivation and mathematical modelling to study population structure and function of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in activated sludge. Water Science Technol. 37: 441 -449 (1998)

369. Tsakalidou, E., E. Zoidou, B. Pot, L. Wassill, W. Ludwig, L.A. Devriese, G. Kalantzopolous, K.H. Schleifer and K. Kersters. Identification of streptococci from Greek Kasseri cheese and description of Streptococcus macedonicus sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 48: 519 527 (1998)

370. Grimm, D., H. Merker, W. Ludwig, K.H. Schleifer J. Hacker and B.C. Brand. Specific detection of Legionella spp. in environmental samples by in situ hybridization: construction of a new 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probe for Legionella pneumophila. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64:2686-2690 (1998)

371. Juretschko, S., G. Timmermann, M. Schmid, A. Pommering-Röser, K.H. Schleifer, H.-P. Koops and M. Wagner. Combined molecular and conventional analyses of nitrifying bacterial diversity and activated sludge: Nitrososcoccus mobilis and Nitrospira-like bacteria as dominant populations. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64:3042-3051 (1998)

372. Kloos, W.E., D.N. Ballard, C.G.George, J.A. Webster, R.J. Hubner, W. Ludwig, K.H. Schleifer, F. Fiedler and K. Schubert. Delimiting the genus Staphylococcus through description of Macrococcus caseolyticus gen.nov.,comb. nov. and the new species Macrococcus equipercicus sp.nov., Macrococcus bovicus sp.nov., and Macrococcus carouselicus sp.nov. Int. J. Syst. Bact. 48: 859-877 (1998)

373. Ludwig, W., R. Amann, E. Martinez-Romero, W. Schönhuber, S. Bauer, A. Neef and K.H. Schleifer. rRNA based identification systems for rhizobia and other bacteria. Plant and Soil 204:1-19 (1998)

374. Wassil, L., W. Ludwig and K.H. Schleifer. Development of a modified substraction hybridization technique and its application for the design of strain specific PCR systems for lactococci. Fems Microbiol. Letters 166: 63-70 (1998)

375. Bohak, I. W. Back, L. Richter, M. Ehrmann, W. Ludwig and K.H. Schleifer. Lactobacillus amylolyticus sp. nov., isolated from beer malt and beer wort. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 21: 360-364 (1998)

376. Frahm, E., I. Heiber, S. Hoffmann, C. Koob, H. Meier, W. Ludwig, R. Amann, K.H. Schleifer and U. Obst. Application of 23S rDNA oligonucleotide probes specific for enterococci in water hygiene control. Syst. Appl. Microbiol.21: 450-453 (1998)

377. Wagner, M., S. Juretschko, G. Lind, H. Lemmer and K.H. Schleifer. Die Anwendung von in situ-Hybrdisierung zur Identifizierung der an der Stickstoff- und Phosphatentfernung beteiligten Bakterien in Kläranlagen. Münchner Beiträge zur Abwasser-, Fischerei- und Flußbiologie 52: 25-41 (1998)

378. Ernst, D., H. Rosenbrock, A. Hartmann, G. Kirchhof, S. Bauer, W. Ludwig, K.H. Schleifer, H. Sandermann und G. Fischbeck. Sicherheitsforschung zu Freisetzungsversuchen in Roggenstein. Bundesgesundheitsblatt 41: 523 - 530 (1998)

379. Neef, A., R. Amann, H. Schlesner and K.H. Schleifer. Monitoring a widespread bacterial group: In situ detection of Planctomycetes with 16S rRNA-targeted probes. Microbiology 144: 3257 - 3266 (1998)

380. Ammendola, A., O. Geisenberger, J.B. Andersen, M. Giskov, K.H. Schleifer and L. Eberl. Serratia liquifaciens swarm cells exhibit enhanced resistance to predation by Tetrahymena sp.. FEMS Microbiol. Letters 164: 69 - 75 (1998)

381. Fritsche, T., M. Horn, R. Seyedirashti, R.K. Gautom, K.H. Schleifer and M. Wagner. In situ detection of novel bacterial endosymbionts of Acanthamoeba ssp. phylogenetically related to members of the Rickettsiales. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.65: 206 – 212 (1999)

382. Schleifer, K.H. and W. Ludwig. Phylogeny of bacteria. In: Microbial Evolution and Infection (Eds. U.B. Göbel, R. Ruf) pp.94 – 100, Einhorn-Presse Verlag GmbH, Reinbek 1999

383. Lee, N., P.H. Nielsen, K.H. Andreasen, S. Juretschko, J.L. Nielsen, K.H. Schleifer and M. Wagner. Combination of fluorescent in situ hybridization and microauto-radiography - a new tool for structure-function analysis in microbial ecology. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.65: 1289 – 1297 (1999)

384. Juretschko, S., W. Schönhuber, S. Kulakauskas, D.S. Ehrlich, K.H. Schleifer and R. Amann. In situ detection of Escherichia coli cells containing ColE1-related plasmids by hybridization to regulatory RNA II. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 22: 1 – 8 (1999)

385. Snaidr, J., B. Fuchs, G. Wallner, M. Wagner, K.H. Schleifer and R. Amann. Phylogeny and in situ identification of a morphologically conspicuous bacterium Candidatus `Magnospira bakii´present in very low numbers in activated sludge. Environ. Microbiol. 1: 125 – 135 (1999)

386. Arahal, D.R., M.C. Marquez, B.E. Volcani, K.H. Schleifer and A. Ventosa. Bacillus marsmortui, sp. nov., a new moderately halophilic species from Dead Sea. I. J. Syst. Bacteriol.49: 521 – 530 (1999)

387. Meier, H., R. Amann, W. Ludwig and K.H. Schleifer. Group specific oligonucleotide probes for in situ detection of Gram-positive bacteria with low DNA G+C content. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 22: 186 – 196 (1999)

388. Schulze, R., S. Spring, R. Amann, I. Huber, W. Ludwig, K.H. Schleifer and P. Kämpfer. Genotypic diversity of Acidovorax strains isolated from activated sludge and description of Acidovorax defluvii sp. nov. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 22: 205 – 214 (1999)

389. Geisenberger, O., A. Ammendola, B.B. Christensen, S. Molin, K.H. Schleifer and L. Eberl. Monitoring the conjugal transfer of plasmid RP4 in activated sludge and in situ identification of the transconjugants. FEMS Microbiol. Letters 174: 9 – 17 (1999)

390. Helmer, C., S. Kunst, S. Juretschko, M.C. Schmid, K.H. Schleifer and M. Wagner. Nitrogen loss in a nitrifying biofilm. Water Sci. Tech.39: 13 – 21 (1999)

391. Stoffels, M., W. Ludwig and K.H. Schleifer. rRNA probe-based cell fishing of bacteria. Environ. Microbiol. 1: 259 –271 (1999)

392. Horn, M., T. Fritsche, K.H. Schleifer and M. Wagner. Novel bacterial endosymbionts of unusual Acantamoeba isolates related to the Paramecium symbiont Caedibacter caryophilus. Environ. Microbiol. 1:357-367 (1999)

393. Back, W., I. Bohak, M. Ehrmann, W. Ludwig, B. Pot, K. Kersters and K.H. Schleifer. Lactobacillus perolens sp. nov., a soft drink spoilage bacterium. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 22: 354 – 359 (1999)

394. Daims, H., A. Brühl, R. Amann, K.H. Schleifer and M. Wagner. The domain-specific probe EUB338 is insufficient for the detection of all Bacteria: Development and evaluation of a more comprehensive probe set. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 22: 434 – 444 (1999)

395. Ludwig, W., O. Strunk and K.H. Schleifer. rRNA based phylogeny and identification. The impacts on bacterial taxonomy. pp. 263-266. In: E. Martinez and G. Hernandez (eds). Highlights of Nitrogen Fixation Research, Kluwer Academic, New York, 1999

396. Ludwig, W. and K.H. Schleifer. Phylogeny of bacteria beyond the 16S rRNA standard. ASM News 65, 752-757 (1999)

397. Petroni, G., S. Spring, K.H. Schleifer, F. Verni and G. Rosati. Defensive extrusive ectosymbionts of Euplotidium (Ciliophora) that contain microtubule-like structures are verrucomicrobial bacteria. Proc. Natl. Acad. Scie. US 97, 1813 – 1817 (2000)

398. Schmid, M., U. Twachtmann, M. Klein, M. Strous, S. Juretschko,M., Jetten, J.W. Metzger, K.H. Schleifer, M. Wagner. Molecular evidence for genus level diversity of Anammox-like bacteria and their in situ dominance in a trickling filter biofilm with high anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing activity. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 23, 93-106 (2000)

399. Horn, M., M. Wagner, K.-D. Müller, T.R. Fritsche, K.H. Schleifer and R.Michel. Neochlamydia hartmannellae gen. nov., spec. nov. (Parachlamydiaceae), an endo-parasite of the amoeba Hartmannella vermiformis. Microbiology 146, 1231 – 1239 (2000)

400. Fritsche, T.R., M. Horn, M. Wagner, R. Herwig, K.H. Schleifer and R.K. Gautom. Phylogenetic diversity among geographically dispersed Chlamydiales endosymbionts recovered from clinical and environmental isolates of Acanthamoeba spp. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66, 2613 – 2619 (2000)

401. Eberl, L., A. Ammendola, M. Giskov, C. Sternberg, M. Kilstrup, K.H. Schleifer and S. Molin. Inactivation of gltB abolishes expression of the assimilatory nitrate reductase (nasB) in Pseudomonas putida KT2442. J.Bacteriol. 66, 3368 – 3376 (2000)

402. Arahal, D., T. Garcia, W. Ludwig, K.H. Schleifer and A. Ventosa. Transfer of Halomonas canadensis and Halomonas israelensis to the genus Chromohalobacter, as Chromohalobacter canadensis comb. nov. and Chromohalobacter israelensis comb. nov., respectively. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 50, (2000)

403. Küper, R., W. Ludwig and K.H. Schleifer. Phylogenetische Untersuchung an bisher nicht kultivierten Archaea aus gemäßigten Habitaten unter Anwendung eines exklusiven PCR-Verfahrens In: BMBF-Workshop Biomonitor, Molekulare Mikrobenökologie (Hrsg.:A. Hartmann, G. Broll), S. 83 – 94, BMBF 2000

404. Macian, M.C., W. Ludwig, K.H. Schleifer, E. Garay and M.J. Pujalte. Vibrio pelagius: differences of the type strain deposited at various culture collections. Syst. Appl.Microbiol. 23, 373 – 375 (2000)

405. Arahal, D.R., M.C. Marquez, B.E. Volcani, K.H. Schleifer and A. Ventosa. Reclassification of Bacillus marismortui as Salibacillus marismortui comb. nov. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 50, 1501 – 1503 (2000)

406. Szewzyk, U., R. Szewzyk, W. Manz and K.H. Schleifer. Microbiological safety of drinking water. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 54, 81 – 127 (2000)

409. Spring, S., R. Schulze, J. Overmann and K.H. Schleifer. Identification and characterization of ecological significant prokaryotes in the sediment of freshwater lakes: Molecular and cultivation studies. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 24, 573 – 590 (2000)

410. Schleifer, K.H. und M. Horn. Mikrobielle Vielfalt – die unsichtbare Biodiversität. Biologen heute 6/2000, 1 – 5 (2000)

411. Ludwig, W. and K.H. Schleifer. How quantitative is quantitative PCR with respect to cell counts?, Syst. Appl. Microbiol 23, 556 – 562 (2000)

412. Behr, T., C. Koob, M. Schedl, A. Mehlen, H. Meier, D. Knopp, E. Frahm, U. Obst, K.H. Schleifer, R. Nießner and W. Ludwig. A nested array of rRNA targeted probes for the detection and identification enterococci by reverse hybridization. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 23, 563 – 572 (2000)

413. Schedl, M., T. Behr, W. Ludwig, K.H. Schleifer, R. Nießner and D. Knopp. Optimization of reverse hybridization in microplates coated with rRNA targeted specific probes. Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 23, 573 – 581 (2000)

414. Grimm, D,, W. Ludwig, B.C. Brand, K.H. Schleifer, R. Michel, J. Hacker and H. Steinert. Development of 18S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes for specific detection of Hartmannella and Naegleria in Legionella-positive environmental samples. Syst. Appl. Microbiol.24, 76-82 (2001)

415. Zwirglmaier, K., L. Wassill, W. Ludwig and K.H. Schleifer. Subtraction hybridization in microplates: An improved method to generate strain-specific PCR primers. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 24, 108-115 (2001)

416. Amann, R. and K.H. Schleifer. Nucleic acid probes and their application in environmental microbiology. In:Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology 2nd Edition (eds. D.R. Boone, R. W. Castenholz, G.M. Garrity) pp. 67 – 82, Springer Verlag New York, 2001

417. Spring, S. and K.H. Schleifer. Genus III. “Candidatus Magnetobacterium“ In: Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology 2nd Edition (eds. R.D. Boone, R.W. Castenholz, G.M. Garrity) pp. 457-460, Springer Verlag New York, 2001

418. Macian, M.C., W. Ludwig, K.H. Schleifer, E. Garay and M.J. Pujalte. Thalossomonas viridans gen. nov. spec. nov., a new marine genus and species among the gamma-Proteobacteria. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 51,1283 – 1289 (2001)

419. Arahal, D.R., M.T. Garcia, W. Ludwig, K.H. Schleifer and A. Ventosa. Transfer of Halomonas canadensis and Halomonas israelensis to the genus Chromohalobacter as Chromohalobacter canadensis comb. nov. and Chromohalobacter israelensis comb. nov. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol,51, 1443 – 1448 (2001)

420. Macian, M.C., W. Ludwig, R. Aznar, P.A.D. Grimont, K.H. Schleifer, E. Garay and M.J. Pujalte. Vibrio lentus sp. nov., isolated from Mediterranean oysters. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 51, 1449 – 1451 (2001)

421. Spring, S., P. Kämpfer and K.H. Schleifer. Limnobacter thiooxidans gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel thiosulfate-oxidizing bacterium isolated from freshwater lake sediment. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.51, 1463 – 1470 (2001)

422. Zimmermann, J., W. Ludwig and K.H. Schleifer. DNA polynucleotide probes generated from representatives of the genus Acinetobacter and their application in fluorescence in situ hybridization of environmental samples. Syst. Appl.Microbiol.24, 238 – 244 (2001)

423. Daims, H., J.L. Nielsen, P.H. Nielsen, K.H. Schleifer, M. Wagner. In situ characterization of Nitrospira-like nitrite-oxidizing bacteria active in waste water treatment plants. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.67, 5273-5284 (2001)

424. Macian, M.C. W. Ludwig, K.H. Schleifer, M.J. Pujalte,and E. Garay. Vibrio agarivorans sp. Nov., a novel agarolytic marine bacterium. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 51, 2031 – 2036 (2001)

425. Daims, H., N. B. Ramsing, K.H. Schleifer and M. Wagner. Cultivation-independent semiautomatic determination of absolute bacterial cell numbers in environmental samples by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Appl.Environ.Microbiol. 67, 5810 – 5818 (2001)

426. Trüper, H.G., E. Stackebrandt and K.H. Schleifer. Prokaryote characterization and identification. In: The Prokaryotes Electronic Version (eds. M. Dworkin, S. Falkow, E. Rosenberg, K.H. Schleifer, E. Stackebrandt), Springer Verlag New York, 2002

427. Arahal,D.R., W. Ludwig, K.H. Schleifer and A. Ventosa. Phylogeny of the family Halomonadaceae based on 23S and 16S rDNA sequences. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 52, 241-249 (2002)

428. Schleifer, K.H. Einführung. S.13-15, 23. Rundgespräch der Kommission für Ökologie. Bedeutung der Mikroorganismen für die Umwelt (Organisator: K.H. Schleifer), Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München 2002

429. Schleifer, K.H. Zusammenfassung. S. 137-138. Rundgespräch der Kommission für Ökologie. Bedeutung der Mikroorganismen für die Umwelt (Organisator: K.H. Schleifer), Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München 2002

430. Daims,H., K.H. Schleifer und M. Wagner. Halbautomatische und kultivierungs-unabhängige Quantifizierung von Bakterien in komplexen Umweltproben. transkript Laborwelt I/2002, 10 – 14 (2002)

431. Macian, M.C., M.J. Pujalte, M.C. Marquez, W. Ludwig, A. Ventosa, E. Garay and K.H. Schleifer. Gelidibacter mesophilus sp. nov., a novel marine bacterium in the family Flavobacteriaceae. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 52, 1325 – 1329 (2002)

432. Loy, A., A. Lehner, N. Lee, J. Adamczyk, H. Meier, J. Ernst, K.H. Schleifer and M. Wagner. An oligonucleotide microarray for 16S rRNA gene based detection of all recognized lineages of sulfate-reducing prokaryotes in the environment. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.68, 5064-5081 (2002)

433. Arahal, D.R., A.M. Castillo, W. Ludwig, K.H. Schleifer and A. Ventosa. Proposal of Cobetia marina gen. nov., comb. nov., within the family Halomonadaceae, to include the species Halomonas marina. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 25, 207-211 (2002)

434. Fried, J., W. Ludwig, R. Psenner and K.H. Schleifer. Improvement of ciliate identification and quantification: a new protocol for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in combination with silver stain techniques. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 25, 555-571 (2002)

435. Schmid, M., M. Walcher, A. Bubert, Martin Wagner, Michael Wagner and K.H. Schleifer. Nucleic acid based, cultivation independent detection of Listeria spp. and genotypes of L. monocytogenes. FEMS Immunol. Medical Microbiol 35, 215-225 (2003)

436. Lee, N., P.H. Nielsen, H. Aspegren, M. Henze, K.H. Schleifer and J. La Cour Jansen. Long-term population dynamics and in situ physiology in activated sludge systems with enhanced biological phosphorus removal operated with and without nitrogen removal. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 26, 211-227 (2003)

437. Zwirglmaier, K., W. Ludwig and K.H. Schleifer. Improved fluorescence in situ hybridization of individual microbial cells using polynucleotide probes: The network hypothesis. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 26, 327-337 (2003)

438. Franz, C.M.A.P., M.E. Stiles, K.H. Schleifer and W.H. Holzapfel. Enterococci in foods – a conundrum for food safety. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 88, 105-122 (2003)

439. Zwirglmaier, K., W. Ludwig and K.H. Schleifer. Recognition of individual genes in a single bacterial cell by fluorescence in situ hybridization – RING-FISH. Mol. Microbiol 51, 89-96 (2004)

440. Zwirglmaier, K., W. Ludwig and K.H. Schleifer. Improved method for polynucleotide probe based cell sorting using DNA-coated microplates. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70, 494-497 (2004)

441. Schleifer, K.H. Microbial diversity: facts, problems and prospects. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 27, 3-9 (2004)
442. Ludwig, W., Strunk, O., Westram, R., Richter, L., Meier, H., Yadhukumar, Buchner, A., Lai, T., Steppi, S., Jobb, G., Förster, W., Brettske, I., Gerber, S., Ginhart, A.W., Gross, O., Grumann, S., Hermann, S., Jost, R., König, A., Liss, T.,Lüßmann, R., May, M., Nonhoff, B., Reichel, B., Strehlow, R., Stamatakis, A., Stuckmann, N., Vilbig, A., Lenke, M., Ludwig, T., Bode, A., and Schleifer, K.H. (2004) ARB: a software environment for sequence data. Nucleic Acids Res. 32,1-9 (2004)

443. Götz, F., T. Bannerman and K.H. Schleifer. The genera Staphylococcus and Macrococcus. In The Prokaryotes. Electronic version (ed.: M. Dworkin, S. Falkow, E. Rosenberg, K.H. Schleifer, E. Stackebrandt. Springer Verlag New York, 2004

444. Lee, N., C.M. Cellamare, C. Bastianutti, R. Rossello-Mora, P. Kämpfer, W. Ludwig, K.H. Schleifer and L. Stante. Emended description of the species Lampropedia hyalina. Int. J. Syst.Evol. Microbiol. 27, 1709-1715 (2004)

445. Mehlen, A., M. Goeldner, S. Ried, S. Stindl, W. Ludwig and K.H. Schleifer. Development of a fast DNA-DNA hybridization method based on melting profiles in microplates. System. Appl. Microbiol. 27, 689-695 (2004)

446. Kandler, O. und K.H. Schleifer. Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Infektiologie. 5. Auflage. Ed. Hahn, H., D. Falke, S.H.E. Kaufmann und U. Ullmann. Springer-Verlag Berlin, pp. 12-16, 2004

447. Schmid, M.W., E.Y.W. Ng, R. Lampidis, M. Emmerth, M. Walcher, J. Kreft, W. Goebel, M. Wagner and K.H. Schleifer. Evolutionary history of the genus Listeria and its virulence genes. System. Appl. Microbiol. 28, 1-18 (2005)

448. Macian, M.C., D.R. Arahal, E. Garay, W. Ludwig, K.H. Schleifer and M.J. Pujalte. Thalassobacter stenotrophicus gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel marine alpha-proteobacterium isolated from Mediterranean sea water. Int. J. Syst. Evol.Microbiol. 55, 105-110 (2005)

449. Ludwig, W. and K.H. Schleifer. Molecular phylogeny of bacteria based on comparative sequence analysis of conserved genes. In: Microbial Phylogeny and Evolution: Concepts and Controversies. (ed. J. Sapp), pp. 70-98, Oxford Press, New York, 2005

450. Pujalte, M.J., M.C. Macian, D.R. Arahal, W. Ludwig , K.H. Schleifer and E. Garay. Nereida ignava gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel aerobic marine alpha-proteobacterium that is closely related to uncultured Prionitis (alga) gall symbionts. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol 55, 631-636 (2005)

451. Macian, M.C., D.R. Arahal, E. Garay, W. Ludwig, K.H. Schleifer and M.J. Pujalte. Jannaschia rubra sp. Nov., a red pigmented bacterium isolated from sea water. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 55, 649-653 (2005)

452. Hoffmann, H., S. Stindl, W. Ludwig, A. Stumpf, A. Mehlen, J. Heesemann, D. Monget, K.H. Schleifer and A. Roggenkamp. Reassignment of Enterobacter dissolvens to Enterobacter cloacae as E. cloacae subspecies dissovens comb. nov. and emended description of Enterobacter asburiae and Enterobacter kobei. System. Appl. Microbiol. 28, 196-205 (2005)

453. Hoffmann, H., S. Stindl, A. Stumpf, A. Mehlen, D. Monget, J. Heesemann, K.H. Schleifer and A. Roggenkamp. Description of Enterobacter ludwigii sp. nov., a novel Enterobacter species of clinical relevance. System. Appl. Microbiol. 28, 206-212 (2005)

454. Lehner, A., A. Loy, T. Behr, H. Gaenge, W. Ludwig, M. Wagner and K.H. Schleifer. Oligonucleotide microarray for identification of Enterococcus species. FEMS Microbiol. Letters 246, 133-142 (2005)

455. Hoffmann, H., S. Stindl, W. Ludwig, A. Stumpf, A. Mehlen, D. Monget, D. Perard, J. Heesemann, A. Roggenkamp and K.H. Schleifer. Enterobacter hormaechei subspecies oharae subsp.nov., Enterobacter hormaechei subspecies hormaechei subsp. nov. and E. hormaechei subspecies steigerwaltii subsp. nov., three new subspecies of clinical importance. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43, 3297-3303 (2005)

456. Schmid, M.W., A. Lehner, R. Stephan, K.H. Schleifer and H. Meier. Development and application of oligonucleotide probes for in situ detection of thermotolerant Campylobacter in chicken faecal and liver samples. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 105, 245-255 (2005)

457. Amann, R. and K.H. Schleifer. Nucleic acid probes and their application in environmental microbiology. In: Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology 2nd Ed. Vol. 2A (eds.G.M. Garrity, D.J. Brenner, N.R. Krieg, J.T. Staley),, pp 67-82, Springer New York, 2005

458. Schüler, D. and K.H. Schleifer. The genus Magnetospirillum. In Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. 2nd Ed., Vol. 2C (eds.G.M. Garrity, D.J. Brenner, N.R. Krieg, J.T. Staley), pp. 28-31, Springer 2005
459. Schrallhammer, M. G. Petroni, A. Fokin and K.H. Schleifer. Molecular Characterization of the Obligate Endosymbiont Caedibacter macrnucleorum Fokin and Görtz 1993 and of its Host Paramecium duboscqui Strain Ku4--8" Journal of Eukaryot. Microbiol.53, 499-506 (2006)

460. Bauer, A. P., S.M. Dieckmann, W. Ludwig and K.H. Schleifer. Rapid identification of Escherichia coli safety and laboratory strain lineages based on Multiplex-PCR FEMS Microbiol. Letters 269, 36-40 (2007)

461. Meisinger, D., J. Zimmermann, W. Ludwig, K.H. Schleifer, G. Wanner, M. Schmid, P. C. Bennett, A. S. Engel and N. M. Lee. In situ detection of novel Acidobacteria in microbial mats from chemolithoautotrophically based cave ecosystems (Lower Cane Cave, WY, USA). Environ. Microbiol. 9, 1523-1534 (2007)

462. Pilhofer, M., G. Rosati, W. Ludwig, K.H. Schleifer and G. Petroni. Coexistence of tubulins and ftsZ in different Prosthecobacter species. Mol. Biol. Evol. 24, 1439-1442 (2007)

463. Weber, S.D., W. Ludwig, G. Wanner, K.H. Schleifer and J. Fried. Microbial composition and structure of aerobic granular sewage biofilms. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73, 6233-6240 (2007)

464. Pilhofer, M., A.P. Bauer, M. Schrallhammer, L. Richter, W. Ludwig, K.H. Schleifer and G. Petroni. Characterization of bacterial operons consisting of two tubulins and a kinesin-like gene by the novel Two-Step Gene Walking method. Nucleic Acid Res., in press

465. Bauer, A. P., W. Ludwig and K.H. Schleifer. A novel DNA microarray design for accurate and straightforward identification of Escherichia coli safety and laboratory strains. Syst. Appl. Microbiol 31, 50 - 61 (2008)

466. Schleifer, K.H. The International Union of Microbiological Societies: IUMS, Research in Microbiology 159, 45-48 (2008)

467. Pilhofer , M. Rappl, K., Eckl, C., Bauer, A.P., Ludwig, W., Schleifer, K.H. and Petroni, G. Characterization and Evolution of Cell Division and Cell Wall Synthesis Genes in the Bacterial Phyla Verrucomicrobia, Lentisphaerae, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes and Phylogenetic Comparison with rRNA Genes J. Bacteriol. 190, 3192-3202 (2008)

468. Weber, S. D., Hofmann, A., Pilhofer, M., Wanner, G., Agerer, R., Ludwig, W., Schleifer, K.H. and Fried, J. The diversity of fungi in aerobic sewage granules assessed by 18S rRNA gene and ITS sequence analyses. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 68, 246–257 (2009).

469. Ludwig, W., Schleifer, K.H. and. Whitman, W.B. Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes. In: Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. 2nd Ed. Vol 3(eds. P. de Vos, GM. Garrity, D. Jones, N.R. Krieg, W. Ludwig, F. Rainey, K.H.Schleifer, W.B. Whitman), 1-13, Springer, New York, 2009

470. Ludwig, W., Schleifer, K.H. and. Whitman, W.B. Taxonomic outline of the phylum Firmicutes. In: Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. 2nd Ed. Vol 3 (eds. P. de Vos, GM. Garrity, D. Jones, N.R. Krieg, W. Ludwig, F. Rainey, K.H.Schleifer, W.B. Whitman), 15-17, Springer, New York, 2009

471. Schleifer, K.H. Phylum XIII Firmicutes. In: Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. 2nd Ed. Vol 3 (eds P. de Vos, GM. Garrity, D. Jones, N.R. Krieg, W. Ludwig, F. Rainey, K.H.Schleifer, W.B. Whitman), 19, Springer, New York, 2009

472. Ludwig, W, Schleifer, K.H. and Whitman, W.B. Class Bacilli class. nov. In: Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. 2nd Ed. Vol 3 (eds P. de Vos, GM. Garrity, D. Jones, N.R. Krieg, W. Ludwig, F. Rainey, K.H.Schleifer, W.B. Whitman), 19-20, Springer, New York, 2009

473. Schleifer, K.H and Bell, J.A. Family VIII Staphylococcaceae fam. nov. In: Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. 2nd Ed. Vol 3 (eds P. de Vos, GM. Garrity, D. Jones, N.R. Krieg, W. Ludwig, F. Rainey, K.H.Schleifer, W.B. Whitman), 392, Springer, New York, 2009

474. Schleifer, K.H. and Bell, J.A. Genus I Staphylococcus. In: Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. 2nd Ed. Vol 3 (eds P. de Vos, GM. Garrity, D. Jones, N.R.Krieg, W. Ludwig, F. Rainey, K.H.Schleifer, W.B. Whitman), 392-421, Springer, New York, 2009

475. Schleifer, K.H. Genus II Macrococcus. In: Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. 2nd Ed. Vol 3 (eds P. de Vos, GM. Garrity, D. Jones, N.R. Krieg, W. Ludwig, F. Rainey, K.H.Schleifer, W.B. Whitman), 422-426, Springer, New York, 2009

476. Ludwig, W., Schleifer, K.H. and Whitman, W.B. Order II Lactobacillales ord. nov. In: Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. 2nd Ed. Vol 3 (eds P. de Vos, GM. Garrity, D. Jones, N.R. Krieg, W. Ludwig, F. Rainey, K.H.Schleifer, W.B. Whitman), 464, Springer, New York, 2009

477. Schleifer, K.H. Family Lactobacillaceae. In: Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. 2nd Ed. Vol 3 (eds P. de Vos, GM. Garrity, D. Jones, N.R. Krieg, W. Ludwig, F. Rainey, K.H.Schleifer, W.B. Whitman), 465, Springer, New York, 2009

478. Engel, A.S., Meisinger, D.B., Porter, M.L., Payn, R.A., Schmid, M., Stern, A.L., Schleifer, K.H., Lee, N.M. Linking phylogenetic and functional diversity to nutrient spiraling in microbial mats from Lower Kane Cave (USA). The ISME J. 4, 98 -110 (2010)

479. Claudia Vannini, Filippo Ferrantini, Karl-Heinz Schleifer, Wolfgang Ludwig, Franco Verni, and Giulio Petroni. ‘Candidatus Anadelfobacter veles’ and ‘Candidatus Cyrtobacter comes’, two new Rickettsiales hosted by the protist ciliate Euplotes harpa (Ciliophora, Spirotrichea). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. Published ahead of print on 30 April 2010, doi:10.1128/AEM.03105-09